In 1996, the European Space Agency's US$1 billion prototype Ariane 5 rocket was destroyed less than a minute after launch due to a bug in the on-board guidance computer program. Bugs in code that controlled the Therac-25 radiation therapy machine were directly responsible for patient deaths in the 1980s.
Some software bugs have been linked to disasters. Other bugs qualify as security bugs and might, for example, enable a malicious user to bypass access controls in order to obtain unauthorized privileges. The effects of bugs may be subtle, such as unintended text formatting, through to more obvious effects such as causing a program to crash, freezing the computer, or causing damage to hardware. Bugs can trigger errors that may have ripple effects. A program with many, or serious, bugs is often described as buggy. Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to deter, detect or auto-correct various computer bugs during operations.īugs in software can arise from mistakes and errors made in interpreting and extracting users' requirements, planning a program's design, writing its source code, and from interaction with humans, hardware and programs, such as operating systems or libraries.
The process of finding and correcting bugs is termed " debugging" and often uses formal techniques or tools to pinpoint bugs.
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